Cystitis or pyelonephritis in a generally healthy male with NO features of complicated infection
Anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract including obstruction (i.e. stone), ileal conduit/urinary diversion, and instrumentation/foreign body (i.e. stent, nephrostomy tube).
Immunosuppressed patients (this includes poorly controlled diabetes).
Isolated UTI does occur in males but consider anatomical and/or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract
Urine culture for all.
Blood Cultures for patients with fever and/or features of pyelonephritis
Must consider prostatitis in the DDx - suspect when systemic symptoms, pelvic pain, symptoms of prostatic obstruction, or tender prostate on gentle DRE
Recommend urogenital exam and STI testing for N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis