Gram-negative enteric bacilli (36%)
Primarily Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter
Including MSSA and MRSA
Data from endotracheal or bronchoscopy cultures collected 48 hours or more after critical care admission in 2022
Enterococcus and Candida are commonly isolated in sputum cultures of hospitalized patients. They are generally considered colonizers and do not warrant antimicrobial therapy
Viruses (rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV-2) are increasingly recognized as a cause of VAP